前言:我們精心挑選了數(shù)篇優(yōu)質(zhì)英文科技論文文章,供您閱讀參考。期待這些文章能為您帶來啟發(fā),助您在寫作的道路上更上一層樓。
科學技術(shù)是第一生產(chǎn)力,科學技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新離不開科技論文。通常人們將科技會議論文和科技期刊論文統(tǒng)稱為科技論文。科技論文按寫作語言的不同可分為中文科技論文和外文科技論文。外文科技論文以英文科技論文為主。英文科技論文比中文科技論文的數(shù)量多。眾多的科研成果以英文科技論文形式發(fā)表,因此很有必要提高英文科技論文的閱讀水平。
科技論文與科普文章不同。科普文章是寫給公眾看的,它具有一定的文學性和藝術(shù)性。科技論文是寫給同行專家看的,它具有很強的邏輯性。科技論文的邏輯性在文字上表現(xiàn)為句子之間的銜接十分緊密,因此掌握句子之間的各種銜接方法有助于提高英文科技論文的閱讀水平。
1 語法銜接
語法銜接包括省略、替代、照應(yīng)和連接等多種方法,這些方法有助于增強英文科技論文的邏輯性和連貫性。
(1) Computers exist in a wide range of sizes and power. (2) The smallest are embedded within the circuitry of appliances, such as televisions and wrist watches.
句(2)中The smallest后面省略了在上文句(1)中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的computers。采用省略的銜接方法避免了在句(2)中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)computers,突出了句(2)中的新信息“The smallest”,使得句子之間更加緊湊。
(3) Laptop computers and PCs are typically used in businesses and at home to communicate on computer networks, for word processing, to track finances, and to play games.
(4) They have large amounts of internal memory to store hundreds of programs and documents.
(5) In 1975, Gates and Paul Allen collaborated on the first version of the BASIC programming language.
(6) This led to the formation of Microsoft in Albuquerque, New Mexico, in the same year.
句(4)用人稱代詞They指上文句(3)中的Laptop computers and PCs,用人稱代詞起到照應(yīng)的作用。句(6)用指示代詞This指前面In 1975, Gates and Paul Allen collaborated on the first version of the BASIC programming language整個句子所表達的意思,用指示代詞起到照應(yīng)的作用。這種照應(yīng)的銜接方法使得科技論文更加簡潔,表達的意思更加清晰。
(7) A laser used with the erbium-doped fiber can then be triggered without first having to convert weakened light pulses into electrical signals.
(8) As a result, with no intervening optical / electronic conversions to slow down transmissions, fibers can carry more information in the form of higher speed signals.
句(8)中的As a result表示句(7) 與句(8)之間是一種因果關(guān)系。還有一些過渡性的詞語可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、時間、條件和因果等邏輯關(guān)系。掌握起銜接作用的過渡性詞語,有助于把握科技論文的內(nèi)在邏輯。
2詞匯銜接
為了進一步增強英文科技論文的邏輯性和連貫性。英文科技論文除了應(yīng)用語法銜接的方法,還大量使用詞匯銜接的方法。詞匯銜接包括重復(fù)、同義、反義、上下義等多種方法。
(9) The secret to perfect timing is to make an extra satellite measurement.
(10) If three perfect measurements can locate a point in 3-dimensional space, then four imperfect measurements can do the same thing.
句(9)中出現(xiàn)了measurement(單數(shù)形式),句(10)中又重復(fù)出現(xiàn)了measurements(復(fù)數(shù)形式),這種詞匯重復(fù)方法不但使得兩個句子更加緊密,而且突出了論文要表達的重要信息(measurement)。
(11) If everything were perfect (i.e. if our receiver’s clocks were perfect) then all of our satellite ranges would intersect at a single point (which is our position).
(12) But with imperfect clocks, a fourth measurement, done as a cross-check, will NOT intersect with the first three.
(13) Funding such an immense project would cost more than $230 billion over several decades.
(14) To make this investment economically feasible, phone companies want new laws that would let them supply programming as well as carry it for other companies.
(15) Some cable-TV companies, broadcasters, (下轉(zhuǎn)第79頁)(上接第74頁)and publishers strongly oppose the entry of such powerful competitors.
(11)中的perfect與句(12)中的imperfect是一對反義詞,利用反義詞銜接兩個句子,起到了強烈的對比作用。句(13)中的Funding與句(14)中的investment是一對同義詞,利用同義詞銜接兩個句子,不但可以避免用詞過于單調(diào),還可以起到了強化同義詞所表達意思的作用。句(14)與句(15)利用上下義詞銜接兩個句子,句(14)中的companies是個上義詞,它抽象地指公司,句(15)中的cable-TV companies, broadcasters和 publishers是下義詞,它們具體指有線電視公司、廣播公司和出版商。
熟練掌握各種銜接方法,有助于把握科技論文的內(nèi)在邏輯性,并快速準確地獲取英文科技論文所包含的信息,達到提高英文科技論文閱讀水平的目的。
英文科技論文致謝范文【1】
Acknowledgements:
Thecompletionofthethesisisattributedtomanypeople'ssupportandencouragement.
Firstandforemost,Iwanttoextendmyheartfeltgratitudetomysupervisor,ProfessorCaoDaogen,whosepatientguidance,valuablesuggestionsandconstantencouragementmakemesuccessfullycompletethisthesis.Hisconscientiousacademicspiritandmodest,open-mindedpersonalityinspiremebothinacademicstudyanddailylife.Hegivesmemuchhelpandadviceduringthewholeprocessofmywriting,whichhasmademyaccomplishmentspossible.
Also,Iwouldliketoexpressmysinceregratitudetoalltheprofessorswhohavetaughtmeinthisuniversity.Theirinstructionshavehelpedbroadenmyhorizonandtheirenlighteningteachinghasprovidedmewithasolidfoundationtoaccomplishthispaperandwillalwaysbeofgreatvalueformyfuturecareerandacademicresearch.
Mythanksalsogototheauthorswhosebooksandarticleshavegivenmeinspirationinthewritingofthispaper.
Lastbutnotleast,Iwouldliketoexpressmyspecialthankstomyparents,whosecareandsupportmotivatemetomoveonandmakemewanttobeabetterperson.
英文科技論文致謝范文【2】
Acknowledgements:
IwouldliketodedicatemypapertoallthosewhohaveofferedmetremendousassistanceduringthethreeyearsinZhejiangUniversityofFinanceandEconomics.
Firstofall,myheartiestthanksflowtomysupervisor,ProfessorCaoDaogen,forhishelpfulguidance,valuablesuggestionsandconstantencouragementbothinmystudyandinmylife.Hisprofoundinsightandaccuratenessaboutmypapertaughtmesomuchthattheyareengravedonmyheart.Heprovidedmewithbeneficialhelpandofferedmepreciouscommentsduringthewholeprocessofmywriting,withoutwhichthepaperwouldnotbewhatitisnow.
Also,Iwouldliketoexpressmysinceregratitudetoalltheprofessorswhohavetaughtmeinthisuniversitythatgreatlybroadenedmyhorizonandenrichedmyknowledgeinmystudy.Theirinspirationalandconscientiousteachinghaveprovidedmewithafirmbasisforthecomposingofthispaperandwillalwaysbeofgreatvaluetomyfutureacademicresearch.
Mythanksalsogotothescholarswhosemonographsandacademicpapershaveenlightenedmeinthewritingofthispaper.
Finally,Iwouldliketoextendmydeepgratefulnesstomyfamilyandfriends,especiallymythreeroommates,ChenLinghua,GongShaandHuangJin,whoseencouragementandsupporthavemademyaccomplishmentspossible.
英文科技論文致謝范文【3】
Acknowledgements:
Thisthesiswouldhavebeenafarmorepallidthingwithoutthegenerosityandsupportfrommanymembers.
Firstofall,IwouldliketoacknowledgewithgratitudetomysupervisorinChinaForeignAffairsUniversity,ProfessorLvHui,forherpatience,encouragementandcarefulguidance.Withouthersupportiveadviceandinstruction,Iwouldnothavefinishedthisthesis.
IamalsogreatlyindebttoallmyteachersintheEnglishDepartmentofChinaForeignAffairsUniversity,ProfessorGuoLiqiu,ProfessorCuiChangqing,ProfessorShiYi,ProfessorSunJisheng,ProfessorSongAiqun,andProfessorHeQunforeverythingIhaveleantfromthemduringtheperiodintheuniversity.AnditisalsoapleasuretoacknowledgeoneofmyteachersinXinxiangUniversity(HenanProvince),ProfessorDongAihua,forhersupportonmyrecommendationletter.
Iwouldliketothankmyfriends,LiWei,forcollectingusefulinformationforme.Thanks,too,tomynewly-acquaintedfriendinAuckland-Julia,forguidingmetotheresourcesofreferences.AndadditionalgratefulnodstothestaffofAucklandCityCentralLibraryforhelpingmeaccessquicklytoallreferenceresources.
Sincerelythankstomydearestparents,fortheirgenerouslove,supportandunderstandingtowardsmystudyandcareerforsomanyyears.
Finally,mylong-sufferinghusbanddeservesthanksforhispatience.Hethinksittakestoomuchtimeformetoaccomplishmythesis,especiallywithababy.
英文科技論文致謝范文【4】
Acknowledgements:
Duringthepreparationofthemaster'sthesis,Ihavereceivedalotofinvaluablehelpsfrommanypeople.Theircommentsandadvicescontributetotheaccomplishmentofthethesis.
Firstofall,theprofoundgratitudeshouldgotomysupervisorProfessorCaoDaogen.Hehasgivenmegreatinstructionsandencouragementsthroughouttheprocessofselectingtheresearchtopic,writingthethesis,improvingtheoutlineandtheargumentation,andcorrectingthegrammaticalerrors.Hisinsightfulcommentsoneverydraft,whichprovidemewithmanyenlighteningideas,haveinspiredmetoagreatextent.Thethesiscouldnotbefinishedwithouthispatientguidance.
Secondly,Iwanttoexpressmyheartfeltthankstoalltheteacherswhohavehelpedandtaughtmeinthisuniversity.IamparticularlygratefultoProfessorShaoBinandProfessorZhangLing.Theirlinguisticscourseshavebroadenedmyhorizonandarousedmyinterestinlinguistics.
1 題目:
題目是論文內(nèi)容的高度概括,它準確、簡練和清晰地反映論文的研究范圍和深度,以便于讀者宣讀,同時也便于文獻檢索和追蹤。題目中應(yīng)包括文章的主要關(guān)鍵詞。正如The interplay between economic and political development,意為“經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和政治發(fā)展的相互影響”,可以看出題目中包含了文章講述的主要關(guān)鍵詞“民主”“經(jīng)濟”和“相互影響”。題名像一條標簽,切忌用較長的主、謂、賓語結(jié)構(gòu)的完整語句逐點描述論文的內(nèi)容,以保證達到“簡潔”的要求;而“恰當”的要求應(yīng)反映在用詞的中肯、醒目、好讀好記上。題名應(yīng)簡短,不應(yīng)很長,一般不宜超過20個漢字。
2署名:
論文的署名,標明作者享有著作權(quán),獲得相應(yīng)的榮譽和權(quán)益,而且也表示文責字符,即作者有義務(wù)對所發(fā)表的研究成果的科學性和真實性負責,同時為日后成為文獻資料,便于檢索、查閱提供必要的一句。作者署名的一個基本原則就是突出創(chuàng)造性工作,尊重客觀事實、實事求是。作者的數(shù)目不宜過多,通常署名的作者不宜超過六人。第一作者應(yīng)對論出主要的貢獻,并為主要責任者。
3 文摘:
文摘應(yīng)包括目的、方法、結(jié)果、結(jié)論。一般的科技論文都應(yīng)盡量寫成報道性文摘,而對綜述性、資料性或評論性的文章可寫成指示性或報道、指示性文摘。編寫時要客觀、如實地反映一次文獻;要著重反映文稿中的新觀點;不要重復(fù)本學科領(lǐng)域已成常識的內(nèi)容;不要簡單地重復(fù)題名中已有的信息;書寫要合乎語法,盡量同文稿的文體保持一致;結(jié)構(gòu)要嚴謹,表達要簡明,語義要確切;要用第三人稱的寫法。摘要字數(shù)一般在300字左右。
4關(guān)鍵詞:
為了便于讀者從浩如煙海的書刊中尋找文獻,特別是適應(yīng)計算機自動檢索的需要,應(yīng)在文摘后給出3-8個關(guān)鍵詞。選能反映文獻特征內(nèi)容,通用性比較強的關(guān)鍵詞。如果讀者選用某個通用詞來檢索,將會把數(shù)據(jù)庫中包含蓋茨與的各學科文獻都歸總到一起,很難從中找出所需要的信息,素衣通用詞不適合用做關(guān)鍵詞。
5 引言:
引言(前言、序言、概述)經(jīng)常作為科技論文的開端,它簡明介紹科技論文的背景、相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的前人研究歷史與現(xiàn)狀(有時亦稱這部分為文獻綜述),以及著者的意圖與分析依據(jù),包括科技論文的追求目標、研究范圍和理論、技術(shù)方案的選取等。引言應(yīng)言簡意賅,不要等同于文摘,或成為文摘的注釋。
6 正文:正文應(yīng)充分闡明科技論文的觀點、原理、方法及具體達到預(yù)期目標的整個過程,并且突出一個“新”字,以反映科技論文具有的首創(chuàng)性。根據(jù)需要,論文可以分層深人,逐層剖析,按層設(shè)分層標題。例文中作者在正文部分提出了Theoretical Notions, Effects of democracy on economic growth, Framework for the determination of democracy, Regression results for democracy, Long_run forecasts of democracy五個部分,分別進行了理論分析、民主對經(jīng)濟增長的影響、民主的回歸結(jié)果和民主的長期預(yù)測五部分。科技論文寫作不要求文字華麗,但要求思路清晰,合乎邏輯,用語簡潔準確、明快流暢;內(nèi)容務(wù)求客觀、科學、完備,要盡量讓事實和數(shù)據(jù)說話;凡用簡要的文字能夠說清楚的,應(yīng)用文字陳述,用文字不容易說明白或說起來比較繁瑣的,應(yīng)由表或圖來陳述。例如文中提供了大量的數(shù)據(jù)、圖表和公式來詳細說明文章的論證過程:
7 結(jié)論:
結(jié)論是整篇文章的最后總結(jié)。主要是回答“研究出什么”(What)。它應(yīng)該完整、準確、簡潔地指出:一是由研究對象進行考察或?qū)嶒灥玫降慕Y(jié)果所揭示的原理及其普遍性;二是研究中有無發(fā)現(xiàn)例外或本論文尚難以解釋和解決的問題;三是與先前已經(jīng)發(fā)表過的(包括他人或著者自己)研究工作的異同;四是本論文在理論上與實用上的意義與價值;五是對進一步深人研究本課題的建議。